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WHAT IS LYSOSOMES WHO DISCOVERED IT???

✦✦✦✦ LYSOSOMES ✦✦✦✦

DEFINITION; 

LYSOSOMES ARE CYTOPLASMIC ORGANELLES AND ARE DIFFERENT FROM

OTHER DUE TO THEIR MORPHOLOGY.

DISCOVERED BY;

THESE WERE ISOLATED AS A SEPARATE COMPONENT FOR THE FIRST TIME

 BY DE DUVE (1949).

lysosomes



MEANINGS;

LYSOSOMES (LYSO=SPLITTING; SOMA=BODY) ARE FOUND IN MOST

EUKARYOTIC CELLS.

lysosome function
 

FUNCTION;

ANY FOREIGN OBJECT THAT GAINS ENTRY INTO THE CELL IS IMMEDIATELY

ENGULFED BY THE LYSOSOMES AND IS COMPLETELY BROKEN INTO

SIMPLE DIGESTIBLE PIECES. 

THE PROCESS IS KNOWN AS PHAGOCYTOSIS ( EATING PROCESS OF A CELL). 

MOSTLY FOUND;

THEY ARE MOST ABUNDANT IN THOSE ANIMAL CELLS WHICH EXHIBIT

PHAGOCYTIC ACTIVITY.

what are lysosomes

 

BOUNDED BY;

THEY ARE BOUNDED BY A SINGLE MEMBRANE AND ARE SIMPLE SACS

RICH IN ACID PHOSPHATASE AND SEVERAL OTHER HYDROLYTIC

 ENZYMES. THESE ENZYMES ARE SYNTHESIZED ON RER AND ARE

 FURTHER PROCESSED IN THE GOLGI APPARATUS. 

AUTOPHAGOSOME; (AUTOPHAGY)

THE LYSOSOMES WHICH EAT PARTS OF THEIR OWN CELL ARE KNOWN AS 

AUTOPHAGOSOME.

DURING THIS PROCESS SOME OLD, WORN OUT PARTS OF CELL, SUCH AS

OLD MITOCHONDRIA ARE DIGESTED.

RELEASE OF ENZYMES;

LYSOSOMES ALSO RELEASE ENZYMES FOR EXTRA CELLULAR DIGESTION.

CAUSE OF DISEASES;

SEVERAL CONGENITAL DISEASES HAVE BEEN FOUND TO BE DUE TO 

ACCUMULATION WITHIN THE CELL OF SUBSTANCES SUCH AS GLYCOGEN 

OR VARIOUS GLYCOLIPIDS. 

THEY ARE ALSO CALLED STORAGE DISEASES AND ARE PRODUCED BY 

MUTATION THAT AFFECT ONE OF THE LYSOSOMAL ENZYMES INVOLVED 

IN THE CATABOLISM OF A CERTAIN SUBSTANCE.

FOR EXAMPLE;

IN GLYCOGENESIS TYPE II DISEASE, 

          THE LIVER AND MUSCLE APPEAR FILLED WITH GLYCOGEN WITHIN 

              MEMBRANE BOUND ORGANELLES. IN THIS DISEASE, AN ENZYME 

               THAT DEGRADES GLYCOGEN TO GLUCOSE, IS ABSENT.  

TAY-SACH'S DISEASE;

        ➡IT IS BECAUSE OF ABSENCE OF AN ENZYME THAT IS INVOLVED IN THE

           CATABOLISM OF LIPIDS. ACCUMULATION OF LIPIDS IN BRAIN CELLS 

            LEAD TO MENTAL RETARDATION AND EVEN DEATH.

 

lysosomes





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