biology notes

★★★ CARBOHYDRATES ★★★  MEANS OF; ★ THE WORD CARBOHYDRATES LITERALLY MEANS ' HYDRATED CARBON '. COMPOSED OF; ★ THEY ARE COMPOSED OF CARBON, HYDROGEN AND OXYGEN AND THE RATIO OF    OXYGEN AND HYDROGEN IS THE SAME AS IN WATER. GENERAL FORMULA; ★ THEIR GENERAL FORMULA IS Cx(H2O)y WHERE (x) IS THE WHOLE NUMBER FROM    THREE TO MANY THOUSANDS WHEREAS y MAY BE THE SAME OR DIFFERENT WHOLE    NUMBER. CHEMICALLY; ★ CHEMICALLY CARBOHYDRATES ARE DEFINED AS POLYHYDROXY ALDEHYDES OR  KETONES, OR COMPLEX SUBSTANCES WHICH ON HYDROLYSIS YIELD POLYHYDROXY ALDEHYDE OR KETONE SUB-UNITS. WHAT IS HYDROLYSIS? ★ HYDROLYSIS INVOLVES THE BREAK DOWN OF LARGE MOLECULES INTO SMALLER    ONES UTILIZING WATER MOLECULES. SOURCE OF CARBOHYDRATES; ★ THE SOURCE OF CARBOHYDRATES ARE GREEN PLANTS. THESE ARE THE PRIMARY      PRODUCTS PHOTOSYNTHESIS. OTHER COMPOUNDS OF PLANTS ARE PRODUCED            FROM CARBOHYDRATES BY VARIOUS CHE...