biology notes

✦✦✦✦   LYSOSOMES ✦✦✦✦ DEFINITION;  ➤ LYSOSOMES ARE CYTOPLASMIC ORGANELLES AND ARE DIFFERENT FROM OTHER DUE TO THEIR MORPHOLOGY. DISCOVERED BY; ➤ THESE WERE ISOLATED AS A SEPARATE COMPONENT FOR THE FIRST TIME   BY DE DUVE (1949).     CHRISTIAN RENE DE DUVE MEANINGS; ➤ LYSOSOMES ( LYSO= SPLITTING; SOMA= BODY ) ARE FOUND IN MOST EUKARYOTIC CELLS.   FUNCTION; ➤ ANY FOREIGN OBJECT THAT GAINS ENTRY INTO THE CELL IS IMMEDIATELY ENGULFED BY THE LYSOSOMES AND IS COMPLETELY BROKEN INTO SIMPLE DIGESTIBLE PIECES.  THE PROCESS IS KNOWN AS PHAGOCYTOSIS ( EATING PROCESS OF A CELL).  MOSTLY FOUND; ➤ THEY ARE MOST ABUNDANT IN THOSE ANIMAL CELLS WHICH EXHIBIT PHAGOCYTIC ACTIVITY.   BOUNDED BY; ➤ THEY ARE BOUNDED BY A SINGLE MEMBRANE AND ARE SIMPLE SACS RICH IN ACID PHOSPHATASE AND SEVERAL OTHER HYDROLYTIC  ENZYMES. THESE ENZYMES ARE SYNTHESIZED ON RER AND ARE  FURTHER PROCESSED IN THE GOLGI APPARATUS.  AUTOPHAGOSOME; (AUTOPHAGY) THE...